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The electrochemical oxidation of polyaniline (PAni) films on gold electrodes is studied by simultaneous electron spin resonance (ESR) and UV−vis spectroelectrochemistry. The technique permits the separation of the superimposed UV−vis spectra of three redox states: the protonated reduced polyaniline chains, the deprotonated polaronic state, and the bipolaronic state. The separated UV−vis spectra as well as the potential dependence of each redox state concentration enables a more precise determination of the energy levels and the stability of paramagnetic species.
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Neudeck et al. (1999) studied this question.
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