Two activations are better than one: The chiral bifunctional guanidine 1, which features an amino amide backbone, catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition of a range of substrates and gives products with excellent stereoselectivities. The method also allows the efficient synthesis of optically pure beta-amino acid esters. Both the guanidine group and the NH proton of the amide were important for the dual activation.
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Yu et al. (2009) studied this question.
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