Antioxidants in sun and shade leaves of sour orange trees (Citrus aurantium) after long-term acclimation to elevated CO₂

Antioxidative systems and the contents of pigments, malondialdehyde, soluble protein, and carbohydrate were investigated in sun- and shade-acclimated leaves of sour orange (Citrus aurantium) trees that had been grown for 7.5 years under ambient and elevated (+300 μmol mol−1) atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Sunacclimated leaves contained higher ascorbate, glutathione and soluble carbohydrate contents and higher catalase activities than shade-acclimated leaves. The activities of superoxide dismutases, which belonged to the family of Cu/Zn-isozymes, were similar in sunand shade-acclimated leaves and decreased in response to enhanced CO2. In shade-acclimated leaves, none of the other parameters studied was affected by elevated CO2. In sun-acclimated leaves elevated CO2 caused increases in carbohydrate and ascorbate contents. There was no evidence for enhanced lipid peroxidation as assessed from the determination of the malondialdehyde contents under either conditions.