An active negative index metamaterial that derives its gain from an electron beam is introduced. The metamaterial consists of a stack of equidistant parallel metal plates perforated by a periodic array of holes shaped as complementary split-ring resonators. It is shown that this structure supports a negative-index transverse magnetic electromagnetic mode that can resonantly interact with a relativistic electron beam. Such a metamaterial can be used as a coherent radiation source or a particle accelerator.
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Shapiro et al. (2012) studied this question.
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