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Over the past several decades, we have witnessed the emergence of portable electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors: to name a few, Geonics pioneered portable sensors such as EM-31, EM-34, and EM-61; Zonge Engineering successfully developed and marketed variations of controlled-source EMI sensors. These portable and popular EMI sensors have been used successfully for many geophysical investigations, particularly for shallow engineering and environmental surveys.
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I. J. Won (2003) studied this question.
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