Significance of Congenital Cyclo-Vertical Motor Defects of the Eyes

THE fact that vertical disturbances are sometimes present in cases of hori- zontal strabismus has been early recognized and described. Strabismus surso-adductorius, a condition in which a marked upshoot of the eyes is seen in adduction, was first observed by von Graefe (1855) and accounted for in different ways by him and by others, who considered it as occasioned by an abnormal vestibular stimulation Cases in which a downshoot of the adducted eye occurs, were also, although more rarely, noted by Ohm (1928), who attributed them also to labyrinthine disturbances.