Photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy is used to study the heat generated by nonradiative processes of CdInGaS 4 with an external dc electric field transverse to the light path in order to study the correlation between carrier diffusion effects and nonradiative processes in the wavelength range of 310 to 650 nm. Maxima are observed in PA spectra at 2.7 and 2.3 eV, the amplitudes of which values are proportional to the square of the applied voltage. The peak at 2.7 eV shifted toward higher energy when the modulation frequency increased. That at 2.3 eV did not shift. Therefore, there is a possibility that the peaks at 2.7 and 2.3 eV are related to the electron diffusion length and the impurity or deep levels of CdInGaS 4 , respectively. PA phase spectra showed minima at 2.4 eV, which shifted toward lower energy when the dc electric field strength increased.
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Toyoda et al. (1996) studied this question.