Advances in understanding the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in tumorigenesis have led to the development of TGF-beta inhibitors for cancer treatment. Three platforms of TGF-beta inhibitors have evolved: antisense oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies and small molecules. In this review, the current stage of development of each known TGF-beta inhibitor will be discussed. As part of the risk/benefit assessment of TGF-beta inhibitors, the known effects of TGF-beta deficiency in mice, non-clinical toxicology studies with TGF-beta inhibitors in rats, and the clinical studies with monoclonal antibodies against TGF-beta will be summarised.
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Lahn et al. (2005) studied this question.
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