Influence of substrate and its temperature on the optical constants of CuIn1−xGaxSe₂thin films

We investigate the influence of substrate and its temperature on the optical constants of CuIn 1− x Ga x Se 2 (CIGSe) thin films using the transfer-matrix method. The optical constants of a CIGSe layer on top of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer were calculated considering the realistic optical constants of the TCO layer after CIGSe deposition. It was found that TCO substrates could influence the optical constants of CIGSe layers and that the ITO (Sn doped In 2 O 3 ) substrate had a greater impact than IMO (Mo doped In 2 O 3 ) for the CIGSe ( x = 0.4) film when compared to a reference on bare glass substrate. Additionally, the varied substrate temperatures did not impact the optical constants of CGSe ( x = 1). For CIGSe ( x = 0.4), the refractive index n stayed relatively independent although at low temperature the grain size was reduced and the Ga/(Ga+In) profile was altered compared to that at high temperature (610 °C). In contrast, the extinction coefficient k at low temperature showed higher absorption at longer wavelengths because of a lower minimum bandgap ( E g,min ) originating from reduced inter-diffusion of Ga–Se at a low substrate temperature.