Key result
Age ≥ 60 years (RR 6.4; p<0.001) and male gender (RR 3.0; p=0.006) were independently associated with high serum cystatin C levels in patients with primary hypertension.
Why the study?
Does serum cystatin C measurement improve the detection of mild renal function decline and correlate with cardiovascular risk factors in adults with primary hypertension compared to serum creatinine?
Cross-Sectional (n=199)
No
Does serum cystatin C measurement improve the detection of mild renal function decline and correlate with cardiovascular risk factors in adults with primary hypertension compared to serum creatinine?
Serum cystatin C may serve as a more sensitive screening marker than serum creatinine for detecting mild renal function decline and assessing cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Consider age and sex when interpreting cystatin C in primary hypertension; leaves open its advantage over creatinine for detecting mild renal decline.
To investigate the clinical usefulness of serum cystatin C (Scys) and cystatin C-based equations for the screening of chronic kidney disease in primary hypertensive patients, and correlate these markers with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A cross-sectional study was performed in 199 middle-aged adults at a basic health unit. Kidney function assessment included measurements of serum creatinine (Scr) and Scys levels, 24-hour microalbuminuria (MA), as well as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through Larsson and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equations. Bland-Altman plot analysis was used to calculate the agreement between equations. High levels of Scys were found in 22% of the patients, even with normal values of GFR estimated by MDRD study equation. Systolic blood pressure and MA correlated better with Scys than Scr, but there was no correlation between Scys and diastolic blood pressure. Gender, age ≥ 60 years, MA, and uric acid were significantly associated with high Scys levels. After multivariate analysis, only age ≥ 60 yrs (RR = 6.4; p < 0.001) and male gender (RR = 3.0; p = 0.006) remained associated with high Scys levels. Cystatin C can be used as a screening marker both for detecting mild declines of renal function and for preventing the risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive subjects with presumably normal renal function. Investigar a utilidade clínica da cistatina C sérica (Scys) e da equação baseada na cistatina C na triagem da doença renal crônica em pacientes com hipertensão primária e correlacionar esses marcadores com fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 199 adultos de meia-idade em uma unidade básica de saúde. A avaliação da função renal incluiu medidas dos níveis séricos da creatinina (Scr) e Scys, microalbuminúria de 24 h (MA), bem como da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) por meio das equações de Larsson e do estudo MDRD. Foi utilizada a análise Bland-Altman plot para calcular a concordância entre as equações. Foram encontrados níveis elevados de Scys em 22% dos pacientes, mesmo com valores normais da TFG estimada pela equação do estudo MDRD. A pressão sistólica e a MA correlacionaram-se melhor com a Scys do que com a Scr, mas não houve correlação entre Scys e pressão diastólica. Gênero, idade maior que 60 anos, MA e ácido úrico foram significantemente associados com valores elevados de Scys. Após análise multivariada, apenas idade maior que 60 anos (RR = 6.4; p < 0.001) e gênero masculino (RR = 3.0; p = 0.006) permaneceram associados a níveis aumentados de Scys. A cistatina C pode ser utilizada como um marcador de triagem tanto para detectar leves declínios da função renal como para prevenir o risco de eventos cardiovasculares em sujeitos hipertensos com função renal presumivelmente normal.
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Salgado et al. (2013) conducted a cross-sectional in Primary hypertension (n=199). Age ≥ 60 years and male gender vs. Age < 60 years and female gender was evaluated on High serum cystatin C levels (RR 6.4, p=<0.001). Age ≥ 60 years (RR 6.4; p<0.001) and male gender (RR 3.0; p=0.006) were independently associated with high serum cystatin C levels in patients with primary hypertension.
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