Trophic ecology of moonfish in southwest Taiwan: Insights from stable isotopes and stomach content approach in connection to marine environmental factors

N, confirming a mid-level carnivorous role. Generalized additive models (GAMs) revealed that dissolved silicate, nitrate, and phosphate were key environmental predictors of TP. Broader isotopic niches were observed during the NE monsoon, suggesting greater dietary plasticity. These findings illustrate how nutrient-driven environmental variability influences trophic dynamics and support ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) strategies in Taiwan's coastal ecosystems. By elucidating the feeding adaptability of moonfish, this study contributes valuable insights for predicting how climate-induced shifts in monsoonal regimes may affect food web stability and fishery sustainability.