Key result
The consumption of a Citrus aurantium and caffeine complex significantly increased resting sympathetic activity (p < 0.05) but provided no influence over cardiac autonomic recovery following exhaustive exercise.
Why the study?
Does a Citrus aurantium and caffeine complex alter resting cardiac autonomic response and influence recovery following high-intensity anaerobic exercise in physically active males?
RCT (n=10)
Double-blind
Randomized crossover
No
Does a Citrus aurantium and caffeine complex alter resting cardiac autonomic response and influence recovery following high-intensity anaerobic exercise in physically active males?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Increases resting sympathetic activity in active males; extends RCT evidence showing no effect on post-exercise autonomic recovery.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the resting cardiac autonomic nervous system's response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and its influence on recovery following a high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout in habitual caffeine users. METHODS: Ten physically active males (25.1 ± 3.9 years; weight 78.71 ± 9.53 kg; height 177.2 ± 4.6 cm; body fat 15.5 ± 3.13%) participated in this study, which consisted of two exhaustive exercise protocols in a randomized crossover design. On each visit the participants consumed either a CA + C (100 mg of CA and 100 mg of C) or placebo (dextrose) capsule. After consumption, participants were monitored throughout a 45-min ingestion period, then completed a repeated Wingate protocol, and were then monitored throughout a 45-min recovery period. Cardiac autonomic function (Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)) and plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were taken at four different time points; Ingestion period: baseline (I1), post-ingestion period (I2); Recovery period: immediately post-exercise (R1), post-recovery period (R2). Heart rate variability was assessed in 5-min increments. RESULTS: A repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time-dependent increases in HR, sympathetic related markers of HRV, and plasma E and NE at I2 only in the CA + C trial (p < 0.05); however, no meaningful changes in parasympathetic markers of HRV were observed. Participants recovered in a similar time-dependent manner in all markers of HRV and catecholamines following the PLA and CA + C trials. CONCLUSION: The consumption of CA + C results in an increase of sympathetic activity during resting conditions without influencing parasympathetic activity. CA + C provides no influence over cardiac autonomic recovery.
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Kliszczewicz et al. (2018) conducted an RCT in Healthy habitual caffeine consumers (n=10). Citrus aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) vs. Placebo (200 mg dextrose) was evaluated on Resting cardiac autonomic nervous system response (HR, HRV, catecholamines) post-ingestion (p=<0.05). The consumption of a Citrus aurantium and caffeine complex significantly increased resting sympathetic activity (p < 0.05) but provided no influence over cardiac autonomic recovery following exhaustive exercise.
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