Phytomediated Chitosan‐Modified TiO ₂ NPs for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Potential Application for Breast Cancer Therapy

This work investigates the structural, photocatalytic, and biological properties of Juglans regia leaves extract mediated chitosan‐modified TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) and Juglans regia mediated TiO 2 NPs. The structural and morphological analysis conducted using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and FTIR revealed that synthesizing the TiO 2 NPs using both chitosan and Juglans regia leaves extract results in lower particle size and less agglomeration in comparison to TiO 2 NPs synthesized using only Juglans regia leaves extract. The photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B using phytomediated chitosan‐modified TiO 2 NPs has a remarkable degradation efficacy of 95.07% when subjected to UV–visible light. Further, phytomediated chitosan‐modified TiO 2 NPs have ability to reduce the E2 estrogen levels and which inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) which was confirmed by yeast based XenoScreen XL YES assay, [ 3 H] thymidine incorporation, and apoptosis gene expression (Casp 3 and Casp 9) analysis.