Single crystals of sapphire, 1 mm in diameter and having bending strengths up to 700 Kg/mm2, have been prepared by flame polishing and a technique for locating fracture origins in high strength specimens has been developed. The mechanism of flame polishing, and the relation between flame conditions and crystal strengths, have been studied. Correct flame polishing strengthens crystals by removing abrasive surface damage, microscopic defects within the crystals then frequently limit the strength.
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Mallinder et al. (1966) studied this question.
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