Key result
Cortisol may serve as a biomarker for the development, risk, and relapse of alcohol use disorder in combat veterans due to its role in stress and trauma responses.
Why the study?
Alcohol use and AUDs are an increasing concern among combat veterans, prompting the need to evaluate whether cortisol may serve as a biomarker of AUD risk.
Cortisol dysregulation resulting from combat trauma and PTSD may serve as a useful biomarker for identifying combat veterans at increased risk for developing or relapsing into alcohol use disorders.
Cortisol may identify veterans at AUD risk; leaves open prospective validation before any clinical use.
Objective: Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are an increasing concern among veterans, particularly those from recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The study of biomarkers in alcohol use and AUD has moved to enhancing the understanding of the development and maintenance of AUDs, as well as investigating its association with clinical severity and potential predictors of treatment response. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid known as a stress hormone, has been linked with both stress and trauma, as well as increased alcohol suppression effects. Method/Results: The present review summarizes existing literature and presents suggestions for future research to evaluate whether cortisol may be a possible biomarker of alcohol use disorder risk in combat veterans. Specifically, aspects of combat deployments and high levels of PTSD, coupled with the stress of reintegration may dysregulate cortisol and increase risk to AUD. There may also be bidirectional impacts, such that alcohol is used as a coping mechanism and can dysregulate hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning and cortisol. Conclusions: In the context of this framework, cortisol may serve as a biomarker for the development of AUD, as well as a biomarker of risk or relapse. This review ends with both theoretical and clinical implications, as well as directions for future research.
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Szabo et al. (2020) conducted a review in Alcohol use disorder. Cortisol was evaluated. Cortisol may serve as a biomarker for the development, risk, and relapse of alcohol use disorder in combat veterans due to its role in stress and trauma responses.
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