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The force of separation and the electrical resistance between a sharp tungsten tip and a clean or oxidized [ncirc]ickel single-crystal surface have been measured as ā funčtion of joining load. The adhesion diminishes with oxidation above monolayer coverage. The adhesion with clean surfaces is ductile, and changes to elastic, brittle behaviour with thick oxide layers, accompanied by an increase in hardness.
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J. B. Pethica (1981) studied this question.
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