Chlamydial infections (second of three parts).

Diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis. One of the problems in dealing with nongonococcal urethritis is in establishing the diagnosis. Basically, it must currently be a diagnosis of exclusion, because routine diagnostic tests for the agents most likely to be involved are not readily available. Routine work-up of men with urethritis always starts with tests for gonococcal infection. Once this possibility is ruled out, an effort may be made to establish infection with H. hominis, Trichomonas vaginalis or Candida albicans, but these efforts are usually not rewarded and are probably not justified. For example, H. hominis . . .