Each after treatment system design should be done in such a way that considering the complete system objectives. Energy efficient exhaust system development requires minimum fuel consumption and maximum utilization of exhaust energy for reduction of the exhaust emissions and also for effective waste energy recovery system such as in turbocharger, heat pipe etc. from C.I. engine. Traditional manifold optimization has been based on tests on Exhaust system. This trial & error method can be effective but is very expensive & time consuming. Beside this method cannot provide any information about the actual flow structure inside the system. This vital information can be obtained using 3-D CFD analysis. The design engineers can study the flow structures & understand whether a particular system performs correctly or not.
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Bisane Rajesh (2014) studied this question.