Closed-Loop Sequential Signal Processing and Open-Loop Batch Processing Approaches for GNSS Receiver Design

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver design is considered in terms of closed-loop and open-loop receiver architectures that utilize sequential and batch processing techniques. The paper uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) as a case study to demonstrate that an open-loop approach that combines batch and sequential signal processing improves GNSS signal tracking characteristics as compared to the traditionally applied closed-loop sequential receiver design for a number of important application areas. Particularly, for flight test scenarios considered, it is demonstrated that open-loop batch/sequential processing improves the GPS tracking margin by 8 dB as compared to the closed-loop sequential tracking for the case of deep GPS/Inertial Navigation System (INS) integration mode that performs code and carrier phase tracking, and data bit recovery.