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Provides accessible HF overview for generalists; leaves open integration of latest trial data into primary care pathways.
Heart failure is a progressive condition that is increasing in prevalence. Clinical findings, together with natriuretic peptide measurement and echocardiography, underpin diagnosis. Drugs can improve the prognosis (ACE-inhibitor, beta blockers) and ameliorate symptoms (diuretics). Non-pharmacological treatment includes exercise therapy, smoking cessation and nutritional care. Heart failure has a poor prognosis and early palliative input is recommended.
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Spacie et al. (2019) studied this question.
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