Fabrication and growth mechanism of three-dimensional spherical TiO2 architectures consisting of TiO2 nanorods with {110} exposed facets

In this paper, we report on the fabrication of a novel rutile TiO(2) architecture consisting of nanorods with {110} exposed facets through a simple hydrothermal method without using any templates. An outside-in ripening mechanism is proposed to account for the formation of the TiO(2) architectures.The formation of the TiO(2) architectures can be attributed to the Ostwald step rule and highly acidic medium. Significantly, the current method is suitable for high-yield (>98%) production of the TiO(2) architectures with nearly 100% morphological yield. This research provides a facile route to fabricate rutile TiO(2) with three-dimensional microstructures based on nano units. It is easy to realize their industrial-scale synthesis and application because of the simple synthesis method, low cost, and high yield.