Female college (N = 44) students completed the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI) and the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). As predicted, low masculinity on the BSRI was associated with high Turning Against Self on the DMI. High masculine Ss indicated greater willingness to attack objects of frustration, while those low in masculinity indicated a similar tendency in their fantasy, but not actual behavior. Implications of sex-role orientation as it relates to aggressive/assertive behavior are discussed.
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Ronald G. Evans (1982) studied this question.
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