Perioperative echocardiography-guided hemodynamic therapy in high-risk patients: a practical expert approach of hemodynamically focused echocardiography

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Pericardial tamponade. a Highlighted in yellow, via 4C view. b Without highlights, via 4C view. c Highlighted in yellow, via PLAX view. d Without highlights, via PLAX view. e Highlighted in yellow, via PSAX view. f Without highlights, via PSAX view

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  Fig. 2. Concentric hypertrophy. a End diastolic, with endocardium highlighted in yellow and epicardium highlighted in blue, via PSAX view. b End diastolic, without highlights, via PSAX view. c End systolic, with epicardium highlighted in blue, via PSAX view. d End systolic, without highlights, via PSAX view

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  Fig. 3. Right convex interatrial septum. a Septum highlighted in yellow, via 4C view. b without highlights, via 4C view

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  Fig. 4. Inferior vena cava via TTE. Marked in yellow is the diameter with measurements given

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  Fig. 5. Right heart dilation. a with right ventricle highlighted in yellow and left ventricle highlighted in blue, via 4C view. b without highlights, via 4C view. c with right ventricle highlighted in yellow and left ventricle highlighted in blue, via PLAX view. d without highlights, via PLAX view. e with right ventricle highlighted in yellow and left ventricle highlighted in blue, via PSAX view. f without highlights, via PSAX view

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  Fig. 6. TAPSE, with tricuspid annulus excursion marked in Motion-Mode

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  Fig. 7. Left ventricular dysfunction. a End diastolic phase, left ventricle highlighted in yellow, via 4C view. b End diastolic phase, without highlights, via 4C view. c Dilation in end systolic phase, left ventricle highlighted in yellow, via 4C view. d Dilation in end systolic phase, without highlights, via 4C view

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  Fig. 8. Mitral valve regurgitation, with doppler, via 4C view

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  Fig. 9. Continouous wave Doppler across the aortic valve to measure the velocity time integral