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The purpose of this chapter has not been to be all-inclusive, but to raise awareness of the benefits of preconception consultation in the prevention of birth defects. If there is to be a significant decrease in the incidence of congenital malformations, it will come only by intervention that occurs prior to organogenesis, and that opportunity is lost by the first prenatal visit. For the practitioner interested in a more in-depth analysis of the subject of preconception counseling, the two books listed as supplementary reading provide a wealth of information essential to the care of the patient planning a pregnancy.
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Hogge et al. (1996) studied this question.
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