The study explores the cognitive and emotional consequences of dependence on Artificial Intelligence among health professionals and educators in Punjab, Pakistan. As AI is increasingly being infused into professional practice, it becomes important to study the psychological impacts of such dependence to optimize the use of the technology. This study used a quantitative research approach with a sample of 500 health professionals and educators selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected from self-reporting questionnaires specifically designed to measure the cognitive and emotional consequences of AI usage. The statistical analysis was carried out through correlation and regression techniques and post-hoc analysis. Results: Various psychological outcomes were found to be very significantly associated with AI usage. The result showed that a long usage of an AI tool led to cognitive overload, meaning mental exhaustion, and subsequently decreased decision-making ability. Furthermore, the extent of AI usage was correlated with enhanced emotional stress. Professionals stated increased anxiety and pressure in critical decision-making as a result of the dependency on AI. Excessive AI usage was also associated with short attention span, therefore indicating a negative impact on the cognitive involvement of professionals. Additionally, moderate emotional dependence on AI systems was found, especially in health professionals and educators working under stressful conditions. These findings reflect the two-sided nature of the impact of AI: although AI systems contribute to efficiency and proper decision-making, they also generate severe cognitive and emotional challenges. The study points to the necessity of integrating AI with considerations for mental well-being and provides practical recommendations to balance out the psychological effects of dependence on AI. Some of the outcomes include the designing of AI tools that decrease the cognitive load, training on managing emotional dependency, and guidelines on using AI in high-pressure environments. Overall, this study contributes to the rising literature on the psychological impact of AI in professional settings and provides valuable insights toward the improvement of AI system design as well as the mental well-being of professionals in healthcare and education.
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Naseer et al. (2025) studied this question.