The finite-element method is applied to the modal analysis of unbounded, arbitrarily shaped, and arbitrarily inhomogeneous dielectric waveguides with the use of new infinite elements incorporating several radially decaying exponential trial functions. The outer optimization loop required by methods that use a single decaying trial function is eliminated, and all modes corresponding to a given phase constant are calculated in one pass of the solver. The method is tested for examples involving slab, circular, and square dielectric waveguides.>
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McDougall et al. (1989) studied this question.
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