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The performance efficiency of optoelectronic couplers which change the intensity distribution of light propagating in two waveguides by the application of an electric field can be improved by several orders of magnitude by the use of multiple-quantum-well material and by positioning the guides vertically in consecutively deposited planes, separated by a coupling layer. The optical properties of such a vertical wave guide coupler were numerically calculated including the effects of absorption in the quantum-well guide.
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Chmielowski et al. (1989) studied this question.
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