From the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration to the International Organization for Migration

In 1987 the Council of the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) adopted important amendments to its Constitution. The author recounts the historical background, and traces the evolution of the organization to the present day. The initial focus was on movements out of Europe, of migrants, refugees and displaced persons; transport was a key requisite, but other migration services were soon provided. Membership of ICEM was open to all Governments committed to the principle of free movement of persons, although the criteria for admission and the numbers to be admitted were seen as matters within the domestic jurisdiction of States. Increasing numbers of refugees led to refugee services being adapted to changing circumstances, and a change of geographical focus came about, as migratory movements developed outside Europe, particularly between relatively poor and less poor countries. Services were in demand, and development related projects emerged, such as the transfer of human resources. The decision to update the Constitution reflects the cumulative effect of these developments. The basic character of the Organization is to be maintained, while i(s global mandate is recognized, its flexibility preserved, and its basic humanitarian character strengthened. The objective of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is to ensure, throughout the world, the orderly migration of persons who are in need of international migration services. Its areas of interest include the orderly movement of refugees, the planned migration of nationals and qualified persons, and the migration ofindividuals leaving their country because of armed conflicts, other man-made or natural disasters, or political polarization; this last type of migratory flow—the grey zone—will increasingly require fair and humane solutions.