Brain–machine interface

In a world awash in technology, the line between humans and machines has begun to blur, our thoughts and actions increasingly shaped and substantiated by machines. Perhaps nowhere is the blurring more evident than in a scientific endeavor called “neural interfacing,” a term for technology aimed at bridging the workings of machines and the human brain. Brain–machine interfaces operate at the nexus of thought and action, using the brain’s electrical signals to maneuver external devices such as prosthetic limbs, among other applications. (Noninvasive imaging techniques such as electroencephalography and functional MRI are also examples of brain–machine interfaces.) The …