Improving the near-infrared luminescence of Ca₃MgSnGe₃O₁₂:Cr³⁺ using cation modulation and energy transfer for night-vision and nondestructive testing

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A series of Ca 3 Mg 1− x Sr x SnGe 3 O 12 :0.05Cr 3+ ( x = 0.005–0.3) phosphors were synthesized in this study; varying the Cr 3+ -ion crystal-field strength through Sr 2+ -concentration variation resulted in a luminescence-center redshift. Nd 3+ -ion co-doping resulted in a broad-spectrum emissive material with a 468 nm excitation wavelength, expanded full width at half maximum (FWHM) (195 nm), Cr–Nd energy transfer, and an ultra-high temperature stability (99.59% at 423 K). Combining Ca 3 Mg 0.7 Sr 0.3 SnGe 3 O 12 :0.05Cr 3+ , 0.05Nd 3+ with blue LED chips resulted in near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes ( pc -LEDs) for night-vision and nondestructive testing applications. This study reports what we believe is a novel method for designing NIR light-emitting materials with excellent luminescence properties that could guide future research on NIR phosphors with widespread applicability.