Adverse Effects of Pancuronium during High-dose Fentanyl Anesthesia for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Using a randomized double-blind protocol, the authors prospectively compared three nondepolarizing muscle relaxants with respect to their influence on hemodynamics and on the electrocardiogram. Thirty-three patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with high-dose (100 micrograms/kg) fentanyl anesthesia were studied. Patients received 1.5 X ED95 of either pancuronium (n = 12), metocurine (n = 9), or a metocurine-pancuronium combination (4:1 ratio by weight) (n = 12) for muscle relaxation. Heart rate and rate pressure product (RPP) were significantly higher postinduction in the pancuronium group. Myocardial ischemia, indicated by new ECG ST-segment depression occurred significantly more frequently, and exclusively, in the pancuronium group. The authors' data suggest that since pancuronium is associated with tachycardia and an increased incidence of myocardial ischemia, it is best avoided in patients with severe coronary artery disease undergoing CABG with high-dose fentanyl. Either metocurine or the metocurine-pancuronium combination provides greater hemodynamic stability, without precipitating myocardial ischemia, and can be safely and effectively substituted for pancuronium.