Low-Order Approximation of Transmission Line Parameters for Frequency-Dependent Models

Frequency-dependent line models are considerably more accurate than constant-parameters models. However, constant-parameters models are very easy to use and do not require the elaborate data preprocessing procedures needed with frequency-dependent models. For this reason, when large systems are simulated, constant-parameters models are still an attractive alternative to model secondary lines; however, the accuracy of the overall simulation may be compromised when the effect of one or more of these lines is under-estimated.