Atmospheric pollution arises from natural as well as from anthropogenic sources. The emissions from these two sources are estimated for some major pollutants (sulphur compounds, nitrogen compounds, carbon monoxide, particulate matter and hydrocarbons). Secondary pollutants, such as ozone, are formed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere. Air pollution monitors have to operate in a wide range, between the natural background concentrations and the maximum concentrations occurring in an urban industrialised atmosphere. The requirements for air-monitoring instruments with respect to sensitivity, speed and selectivity are discussed and some automatic methods are described. These include: coulometry, flame photometry and fluorescence for sulphur dioxide, chemiluminescence for ozone and nitrogen oxides and beta attenuation for total particulate matter. Spectroscopic methods, such as correlation spectroscopy and second-derivative spectroscopy, are applicable for multicomponent analysis.
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D. J. Kroon (1978) studied this question.
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