ESCA studies of polymers. XIII. Shake‐up phenomena in substituted polystyrenes

Shake‐up phenomena in a series of para ‐substituted polystyrenes have been studied by ESCA. Comparison with other spectroscopic data and with theoretical calculations within the sudden approximation, equivalent cores model, and CNDO SCF MO formalism identifies the shake‐up structures as arising predominantly from π * ← π transitions involving the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals of the pendant phenyl groups.