The author used standard methods for the analysis of retrospective cohort studies, to investigate survival and life expectancy at age 25 years and older in 1,282 European noblemen who had been members of the Knighthood Order of the Golden Fleece between its foundation in 1430 and the early 1960's. This experience was compared with figures published for British peerage families since the 1600's and with Dutch population figures of the 1980's. For all ages, there was a gradual increase in survival and life expectancy from the 1700's onward, continuing until the present.
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Jan P. Vandenbroucke (1985) studied this question.
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