Dynamics Analysis of a Pair of Ring Resonators in Liquid Media

Usually we discuss a metamaterial in terms of just its optical behavior on a solid substrate in air. What about the behavior of a metamaterial operating in a viscous low-loss liquid? This study uses the theories of classical electromagnetism and fluid dynamics to solve for the coupling between the electromagnetic force and the liquid-resistance force, and the resulting dynamics of a double split-ring resonator (a common form of meta-atom in a complete metamaterial). Experiments match the predictions well. These results help to guide and extend our consideration of metamaterials to applications in liquid environments.