Evaluation of outcomes in elderly patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures

Femoral neck fractures are a prevalent orthopedic challenge among the elderly, often associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and a decline in functional independence. Hemiarthroplasty, a surgical intervention that replaces the femoral head, is commonly employed for managing displaced femoral neck fractures in this demographic. This comprehensive review evaluates the outcomes of hemiarthroplasty, focusing on functional recovery, perioperative and long-term complications, and survival rates. The review highlights the critical role of surgical factors, including the choice between cemented versus cementless and bipolar versus unipolar prostheses, in influencing postoperative outcomes. Furthermore, patient-related factors such as age, gender, and comorbidities, along with the timing of surgery and the quality of postoperative care, are examined for their impact on recovery and mortality. The article synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed studies to provide insights into the efficacy of hemiarthroplasty in restoring mobility and improving quality of life, while also addressing common complications like infection, dislocation, and prosthesis loosening. Economic implications are discussed, emphasizing the cost-effectiveness of hemiarthroplasty compared to alternative treatments. By exploring predictors of both favorable and adverse outcomes, this review underscores the importance of personalized surgical planning and multidisciplinary postoperative management in optimizing patient outcomes. The findings aim to guide clinicians in making informed decisions and highlight areas for future research to enhance the care of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures.