3-D Mixed Far-Field and Near-Field Sources Localization With Cross Array

This correspondence proposes a localization method for mixed far-field (FF) and near-field (NF) sources based on cross arrays where two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) and range estimation are considered. For 2-D DOA estimation, we first construct a range-free cumulant-based vector and employ the covariance matching criterion and Vandermonde decomposition theorem to retrieve DOA information. We then build a sparse model with respect to range parameter and solve an ℓ1-norm minimization problem to obtain range estimates. Our method enjoys the following advantages: 1) our method can locate mixed FF and NF sources; 2) the azimuth, elevation and range can be automatically paired; 3) array aperture loss can be avoided. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our method.