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The Netherlands is a low‐lying country in the delta of the Rhine and Meuse rivers. Water management is a challenging task at times of high river discharges, but also during droughts, with salt intrusion being an important issue. When river discharges are low, several inlets in the western parts of the country cannot be used, because salinities exceed the standards. Climate change will increase the frequency of these problems. The Freshwater Policy study within the Dutch Delta Programme investigates how to deal with future freshwater supply and demand in the Netherlands. The Netherlands Hydrological modelling Instrument (NHI) has been developed in recent years by Deltares and Alterra in close cooperation with the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat‐Waterdienst, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, water boards and consultants. NHI is a set of integrated models for surface water, the unsaturated zone and groundwater. Surface water and salt balances are obtained using a 0‐dimensional water balance approach in combination with results of 1D‐hydrodynamic SOBEK flow models. NHI is the central model used in the Dutch Delta Programme's Freshwater Policy study. We will introduce the principles of NHI, the surface water components and their interaction, and discuss the first results of the study.
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Prinsen et al. (2011) studied this question.
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