The theoretical induced EMF for vibrating-sample magnetometers is derived. Assuming a point magnetic dipole sample, located in a general position with respect to a single-turn circular pickup coil, the instantaneous flux cutting the coil and the induced EMF due to sample motion are found to be linear combinations of elliptic integrals of the first and second kind. An alternative representation of the flux by a power series is also given. These results can be applied to arbitrary versions of magnetometers by specifying coil size and sample position and orientation. Four popular designs including the Foner system and the one used by the authors are considered.
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Bragg et al. (1976) studied this question.
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