Alumina containing 15 vol% monoclinic ZrO 2 dispersed at the grain boundaries exhibited very high room‐temperature fracture toughness (∼11 MPa·m 1/2 ) on cooling from 1275°C when microcrack precursors nucleated at T<M s . With increasing time (up to ∼12 h) at room temperature, K Ic and Young's modulus decreased when dilational and thermal‐expansion strains subcritically propagated inter granular microcracks. Thus, transformation toughening of ceramics with inter crystalline ZrO 2 dispersions is to a great extent caused by microcrack nucleation and extension.
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Claussen et al. (1982) studied this question.
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