Simulation study reveals a hybrid regulatory and innovation model optimizes mineral management, highlighting AI's role in geopolitical decision-making.
This paper explores how Greece can enhance its geopolitical role and potential by strategically managing its mineral and legacy mining resources. An artificial intelligence (AI)-powered methodology, based on the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP), is applied to evaluate national strategies. The decision-making assessment was conducted by properly simulated domain-specific artificial intelligence agents (AGs), integrated with multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) architecture and generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) analytics. The simulation results were validated by human experts. Three alternative geopolitical strategies were evaluated, of which a hybrid strategy that combines strong regulatory frameworks and innovation with active participation in EU and regional initiatives was shown to be the most geopolitically advantageous and sustainable. It offers a synergistic, multilaterally stabilized model for the exploitation of Greece's mineral resources, along with geopolitical benefits. It is also demonstrated how AI can support complex decision-making problems in natural resource geopolitics, offering a replicable and effective model for sustainable strategy selection and development in post-mining global contexts and dynamics.
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Spanidis et al. (2026) studied this question.
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