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With ideal nonlinearity compensation using digital back propagation (DBP), the transmission performance of an optical fiber channel has been considered to be limited by nondeterministic nonlinear signal-ASE interaction. In this paper, we conduct theoretical and numerical study on nonlinearity compensation using DBP in the presence of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). Analytical expressions of transmission performance with DBP are derived and substantiated by numerical simulations for polarization-division-multiplexed systems under the influence of PMD effects. We find that nondeterministic distributed PMD impairs the effectiveness of DBP-based nonlinearity compensation much more than nonlinear signal-ASE interaction, and is therefore the fundamental limitation to single-mode fiber channel capacity.
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Gao et al. (2012) studied this question.
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