N 1s x-ray absorption spectra of bi-isonicotinic acid (2,2′-bipyridine–4,4′-dicarboxylic acid) on rutile TiO2(110) have been studied experimentally and quantum chemically. Differences between multilayer and monolayer spectra are explained by the adsorbate bonding to the substrate. A connection to the electronic coupling in dye-sensitized electrochemical devices is made.
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Persson et al. (2000) studied this question.
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