We examine a model that emphasizes the importance of relationships as the context of trauma and healing. First, we present an overview of the effects of betrayal trauma and oppression on psychological functioning. Then, we propose a relational model of healing, using elements of the Stone Center's Relational-Cultural theory. Finally, we discuss healing in the wider context of community and an ethic of compassion and mutuality.
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Birrell et al. (2006) studied this question.
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