Uremia—Nature's Immunosuppressive Device

Editorials1 January 1965Uremia—Nature's Immunosuppressive DeviceH. SHERWOOD LAWRENCE, M.D.H. SHERWOOD LAWRENCE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-1-166 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOf the many enigmas arising from studies of the immunology of homograft rejection, one of the more elusive has been the mechanism that favors prolonged survival of renal homografts in sick people, while skin homografts exchanged between normal individuals undergo prompt rejection. An early pre-occupation with this apparent paradox led Dammin, Couch, and Murray (1) to study the role of uremia in conditioning the human host's response to skin homografts. They found the survival times of skin homografts applied to uremic subjects was greatly prolonged (32 to 115 days) compared to the usual 8- to 10-day average survival time found...References1. DAMMINCOUCHMURRAY GJNPJE: Prolonged survival of skin homografts in uremic patients. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 64: 967, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MANNICKPOWERSMITHOEFERFERREBEE JAJHJJW: Renal transplantation in azotemic dogs. Surgery 47: 340, 1960. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. SMIDDYBURWELLPARSONS FGRGFM: Influence of uremia on survival of skin homografts. Nature 190: 732, 1961. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. MEDAWAR PB: Reactions to homologous tissue antigens in relation to hypersensitivity, in Cellular and Humoral Aspects of the Hypersensitive States, edited by LAWRENCE, H. S., Hoeber-Harper, New York, 1959, p. 504. Google Scholar5. LAWRENCE HS: Homograft sensitivity—an expression of the immunologic origins and consequences of individuality. Physiol. Rev. 39: 811, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. MEDAWAR PB: Immunity to homologous grafted skin. III. The fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye. Brit. J. Exp. Path. 29: 58, 1948. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. SWIFTDERICK HFCL: Reactions of rabbits to non-hemolytic streptococci. II. Skin reactions in intravenously immunized animals. J. Exp. Med. 49: 883, 1929. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. MEDAWAR PB: Immunity to homologous grafted skin. II. The relationship between antigens of blood and skin. Brit. J. Exp. Path. 27: 15, 1946. MedlineGoogle Scholar9. HARDYERASLANWEBB JDSWR: Transplantation of the lung. Ann. Surg. 160: 440, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. RAPAPORTLAWRENCETHOMASCONVERSETILLETTMULHOLLAND FTHSLJMWSJH: Cross-reactions to skin homografts in man. J. Clin. Invest. 41: 2166, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar11. LAWRENCE HS: The cellular transfer of cutaneous hypersensitivity to tuberculin in man. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 71: 516, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar12. URBACHSONESISRAEL FMHL: Transfer of tuberculin sensitivity to patients with sarcoidosis. New Eng. J. Med. 247: 794, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13. BRENTMEDAWAR LPB: Tissue transplantation: a new approach to the "typing" problem. Brit. Med. J. 11: 269, 1963. CrossrefGoogle Scholar14. GRAYRUSSELL JGPS: Donor selection in human organ transplantation. Lancet 11: 863, 1963 CrossrefGoogle Scholar15. BRIDGESNELSONMCGEOWN JMSDM: Evaluation of lymphocyte transfer test in normal and uraemic subjects. Lancet 1: 581, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar16. GOODVARCOAUSTZAK RARLJBSJ: Transplantation studies in patients with agammaglobulinemia. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 64: 882, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17. LAWRENCE HS: Some biological and immunological properties of transfer factor, in Ciba Foundation Symposium, Cellular Aspects of Immunity, Little, Brown, and Co., Boston, 1960, p. 243. CrossrefGoogle Scholar18. LAWRENCE HS: The relevance of delayed allergy and homograft sensitivity to autoimmune disease. Bull. Rheum. Dis. 12: 279, 1962. MedlineGoogle Scholar19. LAWRENCERAPAPORTCONVERSETILLETT HSFTJMWS: Transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to skin homografts with leucocyte extracts in man. J. Clin. Invest. 39: 185, 1960. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York University School of Medicine New York, N. Y. 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CHIN, M.D.N-Acetylcysteine inactivates Migration Inhibitory Factor and Delayed Hypersensitivity ReactionsTHE VARIATION IN TWENTY-ONE SERUM PROTEINS BEFORE AND AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATIONTransfer FactorEffect of plasma from patients with carcinoma on in vitro lymphocyte transformation 1 January 1965Volume 62, Issue 1Page: 166-170KeywordsHomograftsImmunologyImmunosuppressives Issue Published: 1 January 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...