Anti-European violence in Africa: a comparative analysis

of anti-European rioting: in the Belgian Congo, January, 1959; in South Africa and Nyasaland in 1953; in Nigeria in 1950; and in the Gold Coast in 1948. Considering the intensity of anticolonial feeling and the amount of nationalist activity, this is a phenomenal record of non-violence. It is particularly noteworthy in light of the fact that African tribal and regional groups have often engaged in violence against each other, both traditionally and in the past fifteen years. Since it has been common for Africans to inhibit their strong aggressive feelings against Europeans, it is all the more im-