Field emission of an individual multiwalled carbon nanotube, driven by a customer-built piezomanipulator, was measured in a transmission electron microscope. The measurement geometry and the nanotube structure were imaged in situ. A linear dependence of field enhancement factor β on the distance d between the nanotube tip and its counteranode is found. The enhanced field emission mechanism is studied by a tip-flat emission model. The results indicate that the radius of emission apex r is an important factor in field emission with a relationship of β∝r−1∕2, while the tube length has little influence on β.
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Xu et al. (2006) studied this question.
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