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January 15, 2026Frontiers in Health ServicesOpen Access

Primary healthcare providers in Indonesia demonstrated significant knowledge gaps in chronic disease management, with 84% misunderstanding diabetes referral criteria, highlighting major barriers to care.

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Why the study?

This study aimed to explore provider knowledge, barriers, and opportunities for improving chronic disease management in Indonesian primary health care.

Population

59 multidisciplinary healthcare providers across 14 primary care centers in Jakarta

Design

Descriptive cross-sectional mixed methods study

Key result

Primary healthcare providers in Indonesia demonstrated significant knowledge gaps in chronic disease management, with 84% misunderstanding diabetes referral criteria, highlighting major barriers to care.

Authors

NHNi Made HustriniESEndang SusalitMDMerel van Diepen

Discussion

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Overview

Identifies key barriers in Jakarta primary care for hypertension and DM; leaves open whether targeted interventions improve outcomes.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=59)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

P
Population
59 multidisciplinary healthcare providers responsible for hypertension and diabetes mellitus management across 14 primary care centers in Jakarta, Indonesia.
O
Outcome
Knowledge of healthcare providers regarding referral systems, diabetes and hypertension management, and perceived barriers to care.

Significant provider knowledge gaps and structural barriers hinder the effective management of diabetes and hypertension in Indonesian primary care, highlighting the need for targeted training and system improvements.

Limitations

  • Questionnaire was not pilot-tested across the full range of healthcare professional categories included in the study
  • Differences in educational background may have influenced interpretation of certain questions
  • Relatively small and non-random sample limits generalizability
  • Conclusions are based on self-reported data rather than direct observation
  • Questionnaire not pilot-tested across the full range of healthcare professional categories
  • Relatively small and non-random sample
  • Conclusions based on self-reported data rather than direct observation

Cite This Study

Hustrini et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Management of diabetes mellitus and hypertension (n=59). Provider knowledge and perceived barriers was evaluated on Knowledge of referral systems, diabetes and hypertension management, and perceived barriers to care. Primary healthcare providers in Indonesia demonstrated significant knowledge gaps in chronic disease management, with 84% misunderstanding diabetes referral criteria, highlighting major barriers to care.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a85ba3f90c4f21ff9d5b6eehttps://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2025.1715125
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