Scholars and journalists use the phrase ‘internal colonialism’ to sum up the relationship between the PRC central government and Xinjiang, and the region does have ethnic conflict and a low degree of autonomy. Its relationship with the PRC centre and the political economy of Han/minority interaction indicate, however, that none of the elements of the internal colonialist concept are sufficiently present to warrant characterising Xinjiang as an internal colony of China.
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Barry Sautman (2000) studied this question.
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